Bolivia: NGOs wrong on Morales and Amazon

Federico Fuentes

Statements, articles, letters and petitions have been circulating on the internet for the past month calling for an end to the "destruction of the Amazon".

The target of these initiatives has not been transnational corporations or the powerful governments that back them, but the government of Bolivia's first indigenous president, Evo Morales.

At the centre of the debate is the Bolivian government’s controversial proposal to build a highway through the Isiboro Secure National Park and Indigenous Territory (TIPNIS).

TIPNIS, which covers more than 1 million hectares of forest, was granted indigenous territory status by the Morales government in 2009. About 12,000 people from three different indigenous groups live in 64 communities within TIPNIS.

On August 15, representatives from the TIPNIS Subcentral that unites these communities, as well as other indigenous groups, began a march to the capital city, La Paz to protest against the highway plan.

International petitions have been initiated declaring support for this march, and condemning the Morales government for undermining indigenous rights.

The people of TIPNIS have legitimate concerns about the highway’s impact. There is also no doubt the government has made errors in its handling of the issue.

Unfortunately, petitions such as the one initiated by international lobby group Avaaz and a September 21 letter to Morales signed by over 60 environmental groups mostly outside Bolivia misrepresent the facts and misdirect their fire.

They could inadvertently aid the opponents of the global struggle for climate justice.

Avaaz warns that the highway "could enable foreign companies to pillage the world's most important forest”. But it fails to mention the destruction that is already happening in the area, in some cases with the complicity of local indigenous communities.

On the other hand, the Morales government has promised to introduce a new law, in consultation with communities within TIPNIS, to add new protections for the national park.

The proposed law would set jail terms of between 10 to 20 years for illegal settlements, growing coca or logging in the national park.

Also, Avaaz claims that "huge economic interests" are motivating Morales’ support for the highway. But Avaaz omits the benefits that such a highway (whether it ultimately goes through TIPNIS or not) will bring Bolivia and its peoples.

For example, this 306 kilometre highway linking the departments of Beni and Cochabamba (with only a part of it going through TIPNIS) would expand access to health care and other basic services to isolated local communities that now travel for days to receive medical care.

The highway would also give local agricultural producers greater access to markets to sell their goods. At the moment, these must go via Santa Cruz to the east before being able to be transported westward.

Given Beni’s status as the largest meat producing department (state), this would break the hold that Santa Cruz-based slaughterhouses have on imposing meat prices.

The highway would also allow the state to assert sovereignty over remote areas, including some where illegal logging takes place.

It is facts such as these that have convinced more than 350 Bolivian organisations, including many of the social organisations that have led the country’s inspiring struggles against neoliberalism, to support the proposed highway.

Many indigenous organisations and communities (including within TIPNIS) support the highway. It is therefore false to describe this as a dispute between the government and indigenous people.

Nor is it a simple conflict between supporters of development and defenders of the environment.

All sides in the dispute want greater development and improved access to basic services. The issue at stake is how the second poorest country in the Americas, facing intense pressure from more powerful governments and corporate forces, can meet the needs of its people while protecting the environment.

Given this, surely it makes more sense for those who wish to defend Bolivia’s process of change to support steps towards dialogue, rather that deepening the divisions.

Legitimate criticism can be made of the government’s handling of the consultation process. But the Avaaz petition and the letter from environmental groups simply ignore the government’s repeated attempts to open discussions with the protesters.

Half the members of Morales' ministerial cabinet, along with many more vice-ministers and heads of state institutions, have traveled to the march route to talk with protesters.

The petitioners don’t mention the Morales government’s public commitment to carry out a consultation process within the framework of the Bolivian constitution, popularly approved in 2009. Neither do they mention its offer to have the consultation process overseen by international observers selected by protesters themselves.

The government has also remained open to discussing the economic and environmental feasibility of any alternative route that could bypass TIPNIS. No such alternative has been presented yet.

As a result of these initiatives, a number of the TIPNIS communities that had joined the march, as well as representatives from the Assembly of the Guarani People, have since decided to return home. They will continue discussions with the government.

Sadly, the key opponents of the proposed consultation process are among the march leaders, which includes organisations based outside TIPNIS.

These organisations were also the main proponents of a further 15 demands being placed on the government the day the march began.

Many of these demands are legitimate. But it is alarming that some of the more dangerously backwards demands have been ignored or dismissed by international environment groups.

For example, the letter to Morales raises concerns regarding the Bolivian president's statement that "oil drilling in Aguarague National Park 'will not be negotiated'".

Those gas fields represent 90% of Bolivia's gas exports and are a vital source of funds that the Morales government has been using to tackle poverty and develop Bolivia's economy.

The fact that the bulk of gas revenue is controlled by the Bolivian state rather than transnational corporation is the result of years of struggles by the Bolivian masses, who rightfully believe this resource should be used to develop their country.

The concerns of local communities should be, and have been, taken into consideration. But for Bolivia to cut off this source of revenue would have dire consequences for the people of one of the poorest nations in the Americas.

It would, without exaggeration, be economic suicide.

Initially, protesters also demanded a halt to gas extraction in Aguarague. They have retreated on this and are now focused on the question of plugging up unused oil wells due to the contamination this is could cause to local water supplies.

Similarly, neither of the Internet statements mentions the protesters’ support for the Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD) program.

REDD is a grossly anti-environmental United Nations program that aims to privatise forests by converting them into “carbon offsets” that allow rich, developed countries to continue polluting.

Some of the biggest proponents of this measure can be found among the NGOs promoting the march. Many of these have received direct funding from the US government, whose ambassador in Bolivia was expelled in September 2008 for supporting a right-wing coup attempt against the elected Morales government.

Rather than defend Bolivia’s sovereignty against US interference, the letter denounces the Bolivian government for exposing connections between the protesters and "obscure interests".

These "obscure interests" include the League for the Defence of the Environment (LIDEMA), which was set up with US government funds. Its backers include the US government aid agency, USAID, and the German-based Konrad Adenauer Foundation, which frequently funds actions against governments opposed by the United States and European governments such as Cuba.

Secret US diplomatic cables recently released by WikiLeaks and declassified US government files have conclusively shown that USAID directly targets indigenous communities in a bid to win them away from support for Morales and towards supporting US interests.

Behind these very real interests lies a campaign by rich nations and conservative environmental groups to promote policies that represent a new form of "green imperialism".

After centuries of plundering the resources of other countries, wiping out indigenous populations, and creating a dire global environmental crisis, the governments of rich nations now use environmental concerns to promote policies that deny underdeveloped nations the right to control and manage their own resources.

If they have their ways, these groups will reduce indigenous people to mere “park rangers”, paid by rich countries to protect limited areas, while multinational corporations destroy the environment elsewhere.

Bolivia's indigenous majority has chosen a very different road. They aim to create a new state in which they are no longer marginalised or treated as minority groups that require special protection.

In alliance with other oppressed sectors, they aim to run their country for the collective benefit of the majority.

The Bolivian masses have successfully wrested government power from the traditional elites, won control over gas and other resources, and adopted a new constitution.

Mistakes have been made, and are likely in future. But they are the mistakes of a people of a small, landlocked and underdeveloped country fighting constant imperialist assaults.

Key to the Bolivian peoples’ fight is the world-wide front for climate justice, in which Bolivia is playing a vital leadership role.

One example was the 35,000-strong Peoples Summit on Climate Change organised by the Morales government in Cochabamba in April 2010.

The summit’s final declaration named developed countries as “the main cause of climate change". It insisted that those countries must "recognise and honor their climate debt", redirecting funds from war to aiding poorer nations to develop their economies "to produce goods and services necessary to satisfy the fundamental needs of their population".

To achieve this, the international climate justice movement must focus its efforts on forcing rich nations to accept their responsibilities.

The global movement must explicitly reject imperialist intervention in all its forms, including the “green imperialist” policies of US-funded NGOs.

Only through such a campaign can we support the efforts of poorer countries to chart a development path that respects the environment.

Unfortunately, Avaaz and the organisations that have signed the letter against Morales let the real culprits off the hook.

Their campaign should be rejected by all environmentalists and anti-imperialists fighting for a better a world.

[Federico Fuentes edits Bolivia-Rising.blogspot.com.]

12 comments:

Cory Morningstar said...

Avaaz is a member of The Climate Group.

The Climate Group is pushing REDD: http://www.theclimategroup.org/_assets/files/Reducing-Emissions-from-Deforestation.pdf

The Rockefeller Brothers Fund also acts as an incubator for in-house projects that later evolve into free-standing institutions - a case in point being ‘The Climate Group’, launched in London in 2004. The Climate Group coalition includes more than 50 of the world’s largest corporations and sub-national governments, including big polluters such as energy giants BP and Duke Energy, as well as several partner organizations, one being that of the big NGO Avaaz. The Climate Group are advocates unproven carbon capture and storage technology (CCS), nuclear power and biomass as crucial technologies for a low-carbon economy. The Climate Group works closely with other business lobby groups, including the International Emissions Trading Association (IETA), which works consistently to sabotage climate action. The Climate Group also works on other initiatives, one being that of the ‘Voluntary Carbon Standard’, a new global standard for voluntary offset projects. One marketing strategist company labeled the Climate Group’s campaign ‘Together’ as “the best inoculation against greenwash”. The Climate Group has operations in Australia, China, Europe, India, and North America. It was a partner to the ‘Copenhagen Climate Council’.

http://www.theclimategroup.org/about-us/our-partners/

Dr Scott John/Dianne James said...

Federico you make many important points in this post and highlight the dangers of giving unquestioning acceptance to the arguments of prominent NGOs.

In many ways, you place much of the campaigning of these pro social, climate and economic justice NGOs into question and make me reflect on the influences behind their work.

Many thanks for once again raising my awareness of Bolivia and the complexities of its and much of the South's reality.

Carolina K. said...

You casually mention in passing that "There is also no doubt the government has made errors in its handling of the issue." Stop sweeping these errors under the rug and analyze them please. List them. Explain them. The only reason people around the world are signing that worthless Avaaz petition (I mean, what can it really do?) is that the government has let this situation get way out of hand; there are many important lessons to be learned by analyzing these mistakes.

Your blog would have a lot more credibility if you at times gave the government the criticism it deserves.

Thank you

fiat_lumen said...

Finally somebody with a clarifiyng opinion, rather than just following the stupid "wave" ("yes we suppport the rights of indigenous people and yes, the Gov. is betraying its own people"). Thanks Federico and let's hope it's not too late for our country to find the right solution by reasonable dialog.

ron ridenour said...

Good piece. You provide helpful information. You cut off, however, information when you mention that the government has made mistakes without saying what they are, and explaining why in context with all the issues.

Comradely,
Ron Ridenour

Anonymous said...

About alternative routes:
http://www.isiborosecure.com/tipnisdocualternativas.htm

Chaskanawi said...

Hi, thanks for this article, it sheds light on a lot of things that I didn't know about before, especially regarding the other demands of the anti-carretera protesters. I would like to show this to my Bolivian friends - do you have a version of this in Spanish? Or are there any other good articles in Spanish you can point me to? Thanks...

Bolivia Rising said...

Firstly, thanks for all the comments (whether positive or negative!)

Regarding the issue raised by Carolina and Ron, this is a fair comment about not adding more about the governments errors. The reason for this is twofold: the point of the article was not to focus on what was right about the international campaign or the errors of the government but was what wrong with the stance taken by Avaaz and the letter signed by NGOs. In that sense telling people who already know what some of the errors are (of which there are many, failure to consult, arrogance, contradictory statements etc) seemed a bit point less. What i intended to get across was their errors regarding the reading off the situation.

The second reason is a more minor one: the article was originally published in a hardcopy newspaper and therefore articles must be within a certain word limit. Not everything can be included, and given the focus of the article i chose to go with what i wrote.

Next week i hope to write an overview of the last 2 months regarding TIPNIS look at all angles of the story. Perhaps there you will find what you are looking for.

Also Chaskanawi my article has just been translated into spanish and is available here
http://www.rebelion.org/noticia.php?id=136474

Bolivia Rising said...

Sorry, i forgot to add a response to Anonymous and their link to a site posing alternative routes.I would really appreciate it if you could point me to the full study of these alternatives. Others have argued (but again i have not seen the final study so cannot confirm or deny the claims) that the routes to the immediate east (ie alternative 2 or 3) go through areas that are flooded for most of the year. If this is the case it would be pointless to have such a highway. Meanwhile those to the west ie alternative 1 go through very difficult terrain and its environmental impact would actually be higher than that of any of the alternatives passing through TIPNIS. (see map here actually posted with an article in support of the TIPNIS march but whose origins are not specified http://farm7.static.flickr.com/6192/6090404889_1aff4621fb_z.jpg) By the looks on the map alternative 4 doesnt seem much of an alternative. As i said, im happy to be convinced one way or the other, and the actual detailed studies would help us all (i would even offer to help translate parts of it).

Anonymous said...

In Bolivia we have a name for this type of article: llunk´u. When a person can sell his peoples, we say “llunk´u”; when a person kisses his boss´s ass, we say “llunk´u”.

All the demands are legitimated; basically Indigenous Peoples demand the respect to the Political Constitution. This article has many lies:

At the same time Morales says there will be a law for punish settlements, he says to his cocaleros partners that there will be no law. Something like, when he said on Tuesday September 27 that from the 28 the construction will stop, but so far OAS still does not get an official order.

From 62 communities in the TIPNIS, just 12 approved the road, most of them pressured by the government.

Selling gas only consolidates our dependency in multinational companies and committees our economy.

Bolivia government has received REDD´s money.

About ONGs, well it is racism to believe that OMGs manipulates Indigenous Peoples, like they were kids

Anonymous said...

Dear Mr Anonymous
So according to you indigenous people who support the proposal of an indigenous president must have been "pressured" but it is impossible to imagine that ONGs funded by USAID could "manipulates Indigenous Peoples"?
IN Venezuela we have words for the kind of people who think those that support our government are all idiots and those that work with imperialism are the real democrats: escualido. Oh yeah, and pitiyanqui
Regards
HT

Anonymous said...

I am not an expert on IP's rights, but I have been told so many times about the free prior and informed consent that I understand that what IPs claim is respect for their own thinking. Many times I had a hard time understanding their views on how an issue should be addressed by non Indigenous People when something affects them or COULD affect them, but I learned that regardless of how many of them agree with something or have concerns about it, what they really want is to be included in the decision process. I don't an opinion on who is right or wrong in the road construction issue but I am sure that at least one of the parts is not completely convinced of it, and that is when it strikes me the idea that Mr. Evo Morales is not following his own ideals. I make this comment because Brazil just announced that the money for the route is still available but is up to Bolivia how to find the FORMULA to work this out. I think the message is clear, Brazil does not care the internal problem and they want the route built, my question: Who in Bolivia will defend their people's right against Brazilian interests?

Bolivia Rising